Sunday, December 29, 2019

Insect Courtship Rituals and Mating Habits

Ah, romance. Because insects are so numerous, a good deal of work goes into finding a suitable mate. Females can be fickle, with such a wealth of insect bachelors from which to choose. If a male stands a chance at passing on his genes, hes got to do something to stand out in the crowd. Courtship rituals in insect mating include serenades, dances, nuptial gifts, physical touch, and even aphrodisiacs. Serenades Courtship songs differ from calling songs, which are broadcast from a distance to help females find the males. Crickets use distinct calling and courtship songs, for example. Once the female cricket is nearby, the male suitor sings his best courtship song to sweep her off her six feet. Fruit flies have no calling song but they do sing when a mate is in close range. The fruit fly male vibrates his wings in a pulsing, rhythmic pattern. His song lets the female know he is of the same species, and available to mate. Mosquitoes sing harmonic duets with each other, adjusting the frequencies of their songs simultaneously as they near the moment of copulation. Dances and Foreplay Any woman is a sucker for a man that can dance. Some male insects and spiders cha cha cha their way to love, performing elaborate dances for their chosen mates. Jumping spiders are famous for their ballroom skills. They can perform a linear dance, a zigzag dance, and even a sort of can-can with their forelegs. Certain male flies perform aerial dances around a female to attract her attention and win the right to mate with her. Some female insects like to be cuddled and caressed to get in the mood. This is especially true of the more primitive, wingless insects. Springtails, for instance, will touch each other with their antennae. Sperm transfer in apterygotes takes place externally, with the male depositing his sperm on a surface and then gently coaxing his partner to take it. Some dung beetles engage in a different kind of foreplay. Together, the pair rolls a ball of dung to serve as a nursery for their offspring. Nuptial Gifts Gift giving is another clever strategy employed by some male insects in their pursuit of a mate. Before seeking a partner, hangingfly males hunt and capture arthropod prey. They then lure a female closer using a chemical signal and offer her the food gift. She examines the prey, and if she finds the meal to her liking, they mate. If the gift is insufficient, she refuses his advance. Balloon flies take gift giving a step further by wrapping the prey in pretty, silken balloons. Females fly into a mating swarm of males and choose a partner, who presents her with his silk package. Dont give the males too much credit, though. Theyve actually learned to trick the females by offering them empty balloons. Some male insects, like Mormon crickets, produce a spermatophylax, a protein-rich wad which they attach to the females genitalia. The female eats the sperm-free offering, which may have cost the male a full 30% of his body weight. Thats a pretty substantial gift. Aphrodisiacs When all else fails, insects may try an aphrodisiac to make a partner willing to copulate. Male queen butterflies dust prospective mates with an aphrodisiac produced by hairpencils, brush-like appendages on the tip of the abdomen. If his magic dust works, she will fly to a nearby plant. He dusts her once more to be sure shes ready, and if she is, they consummate the marriage. On the other hand, insects sometimes employ anti-aphrodisiacs to turn away suitors. Certain ground beetle females produce methacrylic acid, a potent anti-aphrodisiac that not only repels males, which can knock them out for several hours. Male mealworm beetles apply anti-aphrodisiac pheromones to their female partners after mating, to make them less attractive to other males.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Credentials, And The Death Penalty - 1558 Words

Because of their questionable sourcing, obvious biases, including empty claims, as well as, unverifiable facts, we are left with the impression that the death penalty targets the poor and colored, amnestyusa.org, and the death penalty is strictly numerical, deathpenealtyinfo.org. This is established through the use of pathos and logo, including appeal to authority. These sources are not credible and should be approached with apprehension. The first source, deathpenaltyinfo.org, does not provide an author, contact information, offers out of date information, and uses empty evidence to appeal to authority. With no author present no one is being held accountable for the information listed. This means skewed or biased information could be†¦show more content†¦With no â€Å"about page† the reader can not easily find out more about the organization. We are not able to find the page’s sponsor. This effects the underlying intent of the website, and we are not able to d iscover if the sponsor is reputable. However, this site does sport a â€Å".org† URL, traditionally, this signals a non-profit organization. Generally, this also means the information in these types of websites are recognized as credible and unbiased, however, a critical thinker does not rely on only this when analyzing the credibility of a source. In fact, after analysis, this is an agenda driven site, trying to sway the reader to support the death penalty. Toward the top of the page, right beside the heading â€Å"Death Penalty Information Center† is a little, blurry badge stating â€Å"2011-2014 Top Non-profit†. Although, it is 2017, this does wrongfully give the reader a peace of mind, as typically, the reader does not pause and question who is donating to this cause. The information provided by deathpenaltyinfo.org is no loner current. At the top of the page in big heading letters states, â€Å"States with and without the death penalty† and just bel ow it in slightly smaller font is â€Å"as of November 9, 2016†. This source is no longer credible as in just a few days this information will be a year old. No where located on the page does it state the last time the information was was modified and updated. Laws are constantly changing,Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Is Deterring Future Crimes814 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty remains one of the most controversial topics in the study of criminal justice. Hundreds of convicted criminals have seen their fate by the hands of capital punishment in the course of United States history. Hundreds of others are still awaiting the day their sentence will be carried out. 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Friday, December 13, 2019

Managing the Total Marketing Effort Free Essays

Product: An established beverage manufacturer is introducing a completely new product – flavored milk beverages. The target market is 6-12 years old.   Ã‚  The product is being launched nationwide and that the retail price, which has been set based on research done, is a dollar per 240ml carton. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Total Marketing Effort or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The cartons are being sold to retail outlets for $0.80. Conducting an accurate break-even analysis requires a careful examination and study of costs and prices in your business. (entrepreneur.com, 2006) Financials Controls: a. Cost of the project All aspects of the cost of manufacture must be taken into account in order to accurately estimate the total cost of the project.   Let’s say hypothetically that 100,000 cartons are being manufactured, and that cost of making the milk is $5,000, bearing in mind that flavorings, preservatives and sugar is added to dairy milk to make it flavored. Additional costs pertaining to this include packaging, which comes to an amount of $15,000, cost of labeling is $5,000 and distribution to 10,000 retail outlets across the country is going to cost approximately $15,000.   In addition to this advertising is estimated to cost approximately $25,000. Bearing all this in mind, the total cost for 100,000 cartons comes to $65,000. b. Revenue forecast It is estimated based on market research done that 90% of the product will sell, with the main target market being six to 12 year olds.   From this we can deduce that e 10% of the total amount of product manufactured will spoil or be damaged. Given that the price for each carton is $1, and that total cost of production and distribution is $65,000, and further that $80,000 will be expected to be generated by sales to retailers, this means that the manufacturer will generate $15,000 of profit per 1000,000 cartons of flavored milk. Part 2 Marketing strategies Marketing is this is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to satisfy customers (CFDC, 2006). This paper assesses which marketing strategy would best suit the project by comparing two marketing mediums, television and print, in a newspaper. Pros of television marketing TV marketing allows strategies such as immediate entry into a person’s lounge, repetition and the drumming of the message into those on the receiving end.   Targeting can be done in a variety of ways – the number of times the advert is repeated, the time it is played and the program it is played during can all impact on the message the advert is trying to bring across.   The same advert can be distributed among a variety of channels.   The impact is subconscious.   Statistics also show that more children are watching TV in the afternoons than ever before.   Advertisers using the medium of TV have many options. Cons of television marketing It is expensive, and much of its impact is lost when people hop between channels. Pros of newspaper marketing The advert is physical and can be seen time and time again and referred back to by the person.   Some targeting can be done: size and placing in the paper can be determined, and the type of paper, such as business, youth, etc., can be determined.   A paper can be in print, or online. Cons of newspaper marketing The advert may not be noticed or read by the target audience, and the marketer has no control over who reads the paper.   Online adverts can be slow to download and can irritate the consumer. I believe that television marketing is still the most effective form of marketing. References CFDC, 2006, â€Å"Glossary of Business Terms† retrieved 15 May 2006 Entrepreneur.com, 2006 â€Å"Conducting a Break Even Analysis† retrieved 15 May 2006 from the website http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/0,4621,318052,00.html How to cite Managing the Total Marketing Effort, Essay examples